The Yalta
Conference
February,
1945
Washington,
March 24 - The text of the agreements reached at the Crimea (Yalta) Conference
between President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Generalissimo Stalin,
as released by the State Department today, follows:
PROTOCOL OF
PROCEEDINGS OF CRIMEA CONFERENCE
The Crimea
Conference of the heads of the Governments of the United States of America, the
United Kingdom, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which took place
from Feb. 4 to 11, came to the following conclusions:
I. WORLD
ORGANIZATION
It was
decided:
1. That a
United Nations conference on the proposed world organization should be summoned
for Wednesday, 25 April, 1945, and should be held in the United States of
America.
2. The
nations to be invited to this conference should be:
(a) the United Nations as they existed on 8 Feb., 1945; and
(b) Such of
the Associated Nations as have declared war on the common enemy by 1 March,
1945. (For this purpose, by the term "Associated Nations" was meant
the eight Associated Nations and Turkey.) When the conference on world
organization is held, the delegates of the United Kingdom and United State of
America will support a proposal to admit to original membership two Soviet
Socialist Republics, i.e., the Ukraine and White Russia.
3. That the
United States Government, on behalf of the three powers, should consult the
Government of China and the French Provisional Government in regard to
decisions taken at the present conference concerning the proposed world
organization.
4. That the
text of the invitation to be issued to all the nations which would take part in
the United Nations conference should be as follows:
"The
Government of the United States of America, on behalf of itself and of the
Governments of the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics
and the Republic of China and of the Provisional Government of the French
Republic invite the Government of -------- to send representatives to a
conference to be held on 25 April, 1945, or soon thereafter , at San Francisco,
in the United States of America, to prepare a charter for a general
international organization for the maintenance of international peace and
security.
"The
above-named Governments suggest that the conference consider as affording a
basis for such a Charter the proposals for the establishment of a general
international organization which were made public last October as a result of the
Dumbarton Oaks conference and which have now been supplemented by the following
provisions for Section C of Chapter VI:
C. Voting
"1.
Each member of the Security Council should have one vote.
"2.
Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters should be made by an
affirmative vote of seven members.
"3.
Decisions of the Security Council on all matters should be made by an
affirmative vote of seven members, including the concurring votes of the
permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VIII, Section A
and under the second sentence of Paragraph 1 of Chapter VIII, Section C, a
party to a dispute should abstain from voting.'
"Further
information as to arrangements will be transmitted subsequently.
"In the
event that the Government of -------- desires in advance of the conference to
present views or comments concerning the proposals, the Government of the
United States of America will be pleased to transmit such views and comments to
the other participating Governments."
Territorial
trusteeship:
It was
agreed that the five nations which will have permanent seats on the Security
Council should consult each other prior to the United Nations conference on the
question of territorial trusteeship.
The
acceptance of this recommendation is subject to its being made clear that
territorial trusteeship will only apply to
(a) existing mandates of the League of Nations;
(b) territories detached from the enemy as a result of the
present war;
(c) any other territory which might voluntarily be placed under
trusteeship; and
(d) no discussion of actual territories is contemplated at the
forthcoming United Nations conference or in the preliminary consultations, and
it will be a matter for subsequent agreement which territories within the above
categories will be place under trusteeship.
[Begin first
section published Feb., 13, 1945.]
II.
DECLARATION OF LIBERATED EUROPE
The
following declaration has been approved:
The Premier
of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Prime Minister of the United
Kingdom and the President of the United States of America have consulted with
each other in the common interests of the people of their countries and those
of liberated Europe. They jointly declare their mutual agreement to concert
during the temporary period of instability in liberated Europe the policies of
their three Governments in assisting the peoples liberated from the domination
of Nazi Germany and the peoples of the former Axis satellite states of Europe
to solve by democratic means their pressing political and economic problems.
The
establishment of order in Europe and the rebuilding of national economic life
must be achieved by processes which will enable the liberated peoples to
destroy the last vestiges of nazism
and fascism and to create democratic institutions of their own choice. This is
a principle of the Atlantic Charter - the right of all people to choose the
form of government under which they will live - the restoration of sovereign
rights and self-government to those peoples who have been forcibly deprived to
them by the aggressor nations.
To foster
the conditions in which the liberated people may exercise these rights, the
three governments will jointly assist the people in any European liberated state
or former Axis state in Europe where, in their judgment conditions require,
(a) to establish conditions of internal peace;
(b) to carry out emergency relief measures for the relief of
distressed peoples;
(c) to form interim
governmental authorities broadly representative of all democratic elements in
the population and pledged to the earliest possible establishment through free
elections of Governments responsive to the will of the people; and
(d) to facilitate where necessary the holding of such elections.
The three
Governments will consult the other United Nations and provisional authorities
or other Governments in Europe when matters of direct interest to them are
under consideration.
When, in the
opinion of the three Governments, conditions in any European liberated state or
former Axis satellite in Europe make such action necessary, they will
immediately consult together on the measure necessary to discharge the joint
responsibilities set forth in this declaration.
By this
declaration we reaffirm our faith in the principles of the Atlantic Charter,
our pledge in the Declaration by the United Nations and our determination to
build in cooperation with other peace-loving nations
world order, under law, dedicated to peace, security, freedom and general
well-being of all mankind.
In issuing
this declaration, the three powers express the hope that the Provisional
Government of the French Republic may be associated with them in the procedure
suggested.
[End first
section published Feb., 13, 1945.]
III.
DISMEMBERMENT OF GERMANY
It was
agreed that Article 12 (a) of the Surrender terms for Germany should be amended
to read as follows:
"The
United Kingdom, the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics shall possess supreme authority with respect to Germany. In the
exercise of such authority they will take such steps, including the complete
dismemberment of Germany as they deem requisite for future peace and
security."
The study of
the procedure of the dismemberment of Germany was referred to a committee
consisting of Mr. Anthony Eden, Mr. John Winant, and
Mr. Fedor T. Gusev. This
body would consider the desirability of associating with it a French
representative.
IV. ZONE OF
OCCUPATION FOR THE FRENCH AND CONTROL COUNCIL FOR GERMANY.
It was
agreed that a zone in Germany, to be occupied by the French forces, should be
allocated France. This zone would be formed out of the British and American
zones and its extent would be settled by the British and Americans in
consultation with the French Provisional Government.
It was also
agreed that the French Provisional Government should be invited to become a
member of the Allied Control Council for Germany.
V.
REPARATION
The
following protocol has been approved:
Protocol
On the Talks
Between the Heads of Three Governments at the Crimean
Conference on the Question of the German Reparations in Kind
1. Germany
must pay in kind for the losses caused by her to the Allied nations in the
course of the war. Reparations are to be received in the first instance by
those countries which have borne the main burden of the war, have suffered the
heaviest losses and have organized victory over the enemy.
2.
Reparation in kind is to be exacted from Germany in three following forms:
(a) Removals
within two years from the surrender of Germany or the cessation of organized
resistance from the national wealth of Germany located on the territory of
Germany herself as well as outside her territory (equipment, machine tools,
ships, rolling stock, German investments abroad, shares of industrial,
transport and other enterprises in Germany, etc.), these removals to be carried
out chiefly for the purpose of destroying the war potential of Germany.
(b) Annual
deliveries of goods from current production for a period to be fixed.
(c) Use of
German labor.
3. For the
working out on the above principles of a detailed plan for exaction of
reparation from Germany an Allied reparation commission will be set up in
Moscow. It will consist of three representatives - one from the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics, one from the United Kingdom and one from the United States
of America.
4. With
regard to the fixing of the total sum of the reparation as well as the
distribution of it among the countries which suffered from the German
aggression, the Soviet and American delegations agreed as follows:
"The
Moscow reparation commission should take in its initial studies as a basis for
discussion the suggestion of the Soviet Government that the total sum of the
reparation in accordance with the points (a) and (b) of the Paragraph 2 should
be 22 billion dollars and that 50 per cent should go to the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics."
The British
delegation was of the opinion that, pending consideration of the reparation
question by the Moscow reparation commission, no figures of reparation should
be mentioned.
The above
Soviet-American proposal has been passed to the Moscow reparation commission as
one of the proposals to be considered by the commission.
VI. MAJOR
WAR CRIMINALS
The
conference agreed that the question of the major war criminals should be the
subject of inquiry by the three Foreign Secretaries for report in due course
after the close of the conference.
[Begin
second section published Feb. 13, 1945.]
VII. POLAND
The
following declaration on Poland was agreed by the conference:
"A new
situation has been created in Poland as a result of her complete liberation by
the Red Army. This calls for the establishment of a Polish Provisional
Government which can be more broadly based than was possible before the recent
liberation of the western part of Poland. The Provisional Government which is
now functioning in Poland should therefore be reorganized on a broader
democratic basis with the inclusion of democratic leaders from Poland itself
and from Poles abroad. This new Government should then be called the Polish
Provisional Government of National Unity.
"M.
Molotov, Mr. Harriman and Sir A. Clark Kerr are authorized as a commission to
consult in the first instance in Moscow with members of the present Provisional
Government and with other Polish democratic leaders from within Poland and from
abroad, with a view to the reorganization of the present Government along the
above lines. This Polish Provisional Government of National Unity shall be
pledged to the holding of free and unfettered elections as soon as possible on
the basis of universal suffrage and secret ballot. In these elections all
democratic and anti-Nazi parties shall have the right to take part and to put forward
candidates.
"When a
Polish Provisional of Government National Unity has been properly formed in
conformity with the above, the Government of the U.S.S.R., which now maintains
diplomatic relations with the present Provisional Government of Poland, and the
Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the United States of
America will establish diplomatic relations with the new Polish Provisional
Government National Unity, and will exchange Ambassadors by whose reports the
respective Governments will be kept informed about the situation in Poland.
"The
three heads of Government consider that the eastern frontier of Poland should
follow the Curzon Line with digressions from it in some regions of five to
eight kilometers in favor of Poland. They recognize that Poland must receive
substantial accessions in territory in the north and west. They feel that the
opinion of the new Polish Provisional Government of National Unity should be
sought in due course of the extent of these accessions and that the final
delimitation of the western frontier of Poland should thereafter await the
peace conference."
VIII.
YUGOSLAVIA
It was
agreed to recommend to Marshal Tito and to Dr. Ivan Subasitch:
(a) That the
Tito-Subasitch agreement should immediately be put
into effect and a new government formed on the basis of the agreement.
(b) That as
soon as the new Government has been formed it should declare:
(I) That the
Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation (AVNOJ) will be extended to
include members of the last Yugoslav Skupstina who
have not compromised themselves by collaboration with the enemy, thus forming a
body to be known as a temporary Parliament and
(II) That
legislative acts passed by the Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation
(AVNOJ) will be subject to subsequent ratification by a Constituent Assembly;
and that this statement should be published in the communiqué of the
conference.
IX.
ITALO-YOGOSLAV FRONTIER - ITALO-ASUTRIAN FRONTIER
Notes on
these subjects were put in by the British delegation and the American and
Soviet delegations agreed to consider them and give their views later.
X.
YUGOSLAV-BULGARIAN RELATIONS
There was an
exchange of views between the Foreign Secretaries on the question of the
desirability of a Yugoslav-Bulgarian pact of alliance. The question at issue
was whether a state still under an armistice regime could be allowed to enter
into a treaty with another state. Mr. Eden suggested that the Bulgarian and
Yugoslav Governments should be informed that this could not be approved. Mr.
Stettinius suggested that the British and American Ambassadors should discuss
the matter further with Mr. Molotov in Moscow. Mr. Molotov agreed with the
proposal of Mr. Stettinius.
XI.
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE
The British
delegation put in notes for the consideration of their colleagues on the
following subjects:
(a) The
Control Commission in Bulgaria.
(b) Greek
claims upon Bulgaria, more particularly with reference to reparations.
(c) Oil
equipment in Rumania.
XII. IRAN
Mr. Eden,
Mr. Stettinius and Mr. Molotov exchanged views on the situation in Iran. It was
agreed that this matter should be pursued through the diplomatic channel.
[Begin third
section published Feb. 13, 1945.]
XIII.
MEETINGS OF THE THREE FOREIGN SECRETARIES
The
conference agreed that permanent machinery should be set up for consultation
between the three Foreign Secretaries; they should meet as often as necessary,
probably about every three or four months.
These
meetings will be held in rotation in the three capitals, the first meeting
being held in London.
[End third
section published Feb. 13, 1945.]
XIV. THE
MONTREAUX CONVENTION AND THE STRAITS
It was
agreed that at the next meeting of the three Foreign Secretaries to be held in
London, they should consider proposals which it was understood the Soviet
Government would put forward in relation to the Montreaux
Convention, and report to their Governments. The Turkish Government should be
informed at the appropriate moment.
The forgoing
protocol was approved and signed by the three Foreign Secretaries at the
Crimean Conference Feb. 11, 1945.
E. R.
Stettinius Jr.
M. Molotov
Anthony Eden
AGREEMENT
REGARDING JAPAN
The leaders
of the three great powers - the Soviet Union, the United States of America and
Great Britain - have agreed that in two or three months after Germany has
surrendered and the war in Europe is terminated, the Soviet Union shall enter
into war against Japan on the side of the Allies on condition that:
1. The
status quo in Outer Mongolia (the Mongolian People's Republic) shall be
preserved.
2. The
former rights of Russia violated by the treacherous attack of Japan in 1904
shall be restored, viz.:
(a) The
southern part of Sakhalin as well as the islands adjacent to it shall be
returned to the Soviet Union;
(b) The commercial
port of Dairen shall be internationalized, the pre-eminent interests of the
Soviet Union in this port being safeguarded, and the lease of Port Arthur as a
naval base of the U.S.S.R. restored;
(c) The
Chinese-Eastern Railroad and the South Manchurian Railroad, which provide an
outlet to Dairen, shall be jointly operated by the establishment of a joint
Soviet-Chinese company, it being understood that the pre-eminent interests of
the Soviet Union shall be safeguarded and that China shall retain sovereignty
in Manchuria;
3. The
Kurile Islands shall be handed over to the Soviet Union.
It is
understood that the agreement concerning Outer Mongolia and the ports and
railroads referred to above will require concurrence of Generalissimo Chiang
Kai-shek. The President will take measures in order to maintain this
concurrence on advice from Marshal Stalin.
The heads of
the three great powers have agreed that these claims of the Soviet Union shall
be unquestionably fulfilled after Japan has been defeated.
For its part,
the Soviet Union expresses it readiness to conclude with the National
Government of China a pact of friendship and alliance between the U.S.S.R. and
China in order to render assistance to China with its armed forces for the
purpose of liberating China from the Japanese yoke.
Joseph
Stalin
Franklin D.
Roosevelt
Winston S.
Churchill
February 11,
1945.