President
Wilson - Fourteen Points
I. Open
covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private
international understandings of any kind...
II. Absolute
freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace
and in war...
III. The
removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of
an equality of trade conditions...
IV. Adequate
guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the
lowest point consistent with domestic safety.
V. A free,
open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims...
VI. The
evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions
affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other
nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed
opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development
and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of
free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome,
assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire ...
VII.
Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without
any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other
free nations.
VIII. AU
French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the
wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which
has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted,
in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.
IX. A readjustment
of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines
of nationality.
X. The
peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see
safe-guarded and assured should be accorded the freest opportunity of autonomous
development.
XI. Rumania,
Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored;
Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the
several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along
historically established lines of allegiance and nationality...
XII. The
Turkish portions of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure
sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule
should be assured ...opportunity of autonomous development
XIII. An
independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories
inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free
and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and
territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.
XIV. A
general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the
purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial
integrity to great and small states alike.